The Asian Commercial Sex Scene  

Go Back   The Asian Commercial Sex Scene > For stuff you can't discuss with your Facebook Account > Adult Discussions about SEX

Notices

Adult Discussions about SEX Misc chit chat about sex, whores, girls, love and lust. This section is a ZAP FREE zone.

User Tag List

Reply
 
Thread Tools
  #1  
Old 09-03-2023, 03:03 PM
sbwow sbwow is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Jun 2019
Posts: 839
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 481 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 656 / Power: 5
sbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to behold
Hardest Questions FFA

Hardest questions which I don't see anyone addressing.
Anyone is Free to post any of your hardest questions in life.

1. Times change, Humans change. How do you ensure significant another would not have a change of heart or cheat on you Forever?

2. Are "emotional people" more likely to get exploited by others OR cheat on others? Leading one to be with them to be more vulnerable?

3. Why is the govt so concern about having locals to produce their own offspring?
Ultimately, what they need is an adequate amount of people to fill the workforce isn't it?
Does it matter whether it is local or foreigner? They have been importing FTs all along right?
Why are they spending millions on baby bonus schemes, instead of addressing issues on taxation and living expenses which benefits the whole lot of people instead of the subset?
Hopefully, keeping prices of living expenses low and winning majority of people's heart for their next big election.
  #2  
Old 09-03-2023, 04:26 PM
Freshguy Freshguy is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Feb 2023
Location: Northeast
Posts: 155
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 72 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 77 / Power: 2
Freshguy deserves a Tiger! - He's a Good Guy
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

1. Impossible. Can never ensure.

2. I'd say emotionally UNSTABLE people are more vulnerable. Big difference from being emotional.

3. Foreign talent can't solve everything. The ratio of working people to the aging population is still increasing. Even if we increase supply of foreign talent it will still be an issue. So of course gahmen will encourage locals to make babies. Young working people staying here long term is more stable than FT who come here work a bit then go back.

They are spending millions on baby bonus schemes because they are hoping to throw money at the issue to solve it. But theyre not addressing the main issue, cost of housing. Despite what jo teo believes, people need space to have families. But they refuse to do anything about housing cost because majority of their voter base (the aging population) has most of their net worth in their HDB. HDB is considered an asset. Increasing supply or easing the cost of housing will affect the value of these assets, making voters unhappy. So they dont do anything about it. Which in turn keeps the cost of housing so high so most young people have to stay with their parents or rent cramped apartments unless theyre filthy rich, which means no kids.
  #3  
Old 09-03-2023, 04:44 PM
Hurricane88's Avatar
Hurricane88 Hurricane88 is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Apr 2006
Location: International Forum
Posts: 23,385
Mentioned: 7 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1085 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 39999 / Power: 32
Hurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond repute
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

Quote:
Originally Posted by sbwow View Post

1. Times change, Humans change. How do you ensure significant another would not have a change of heart or cheat on you Forever?

2. Are "emotional people" more likely to get exploited by others OR cheat on others? Leading one to be with them to be more vulnerable?
1. mission impossibe...love cannot be forever...only mother's love is guaranteed...should treat your spouse like a friend and have new things to share often...ppl dun cheat unless there is problem in the marriage...

2. emoitional ppl are more prone to mental health...only passionate ppl easier to get exploited or cheat...

Quote:
Originally Posted by sbwow View Post
3. Why is the govt so concern about having locals to produce their own offspring?
Ultimately, what they need is an adequate amount of people to fill the workforce isn't it?
Does it matter whether it is local or foreigner? They have been importing FTs all along right?
Why are they spending millions on baby bonus schemes, instead of addressing issues on taxation and living expenses which benefits the whole lot of people instead of the subset?
Hopefully, keeping prices of living expenses low and winning majority of people's heart for their next big election.
Every country need to reproduce or the country will not exist at all without its own citizens...

For a country that is aging and about 25% population above 60 yo...then gahmen will be worried that there will not be enough ppl to supprt the country in term of workforce and tax...

Yes, can always import foreigners but will the FTs understand our Singapore core and be loyal to the country...this need time and Singapore dun have time...

Spending millions on baby bonus for citzens and PRs is peanuts compared to the amount spent on defence and education...

simple logic all these bnouses are helping to defray the costs of bringing up babies for the new parents...the gahmen had to be blame for not doing this earlier and only now when costs of bringing up kids are so expensive...

So long Singapore don't do agriculture and rely on importing food then our cost will always go up...example the same chicken and eggs sold in our neighbor countries will never be so expensive compared to us...

BTW as Singaporean, we alwyas can choose where to live or spent our money...

The above is IMHO...
__________________
<a href=https://images.sbf.net.nz/img/248145.jpg target=_blank rel=nofollow>https://images.sbf.net.nz/img/248145.jpg</a>

Up me if want trade.....will not return if you dun hv min 60 pts

Please Do Not reply long post, always edit...may zap and remove post

  #4  
Old 09-03-2023, 05:02 PM
SwordArt SwordArt is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Mar 2019
Posts: 136
Mentioned: 1 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 55 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 1217 / Power: 6
SwordArt has much to be proud ofSwordArt has much to be proud ofSwordArt has much to be proud ofSwordArt has much to be proud ofSwordArt has much to be proud ofSwordArt has much to be proud ofSwordArt has much to be proud ofSwordArt has much to be proud ofSwordArt has much to be proud of
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

Quote:
Originally Posted by sbwow View Post
Hardest questions which I don't see anyone addressing.
Anyone is Free to post any of your hardest questions in life.

1. Times change, Humans change. How do you ensure significant another would not have a change of heart or cheat on you Forever?

2. Are "emotional people" more likely to get exploited by others OR cheat on others? Leading one to be with them to be more vulnerable?

3. Why is the govt so concern about having locals to produce their own offspring?
Ultimately, what they need is an adequate amount of people to fill the workforce isn't it?
Does it matter whether it is local or foreigner? They have been importing FTs all along right?
Why are they spending millions on baby bonus schemes, instead of addressing issues on taxation and living expenses which benefits the whole lot of people instead of the subset?
Hopefully, keeping prices of living expenses low and winning majority of people's heart for their next big election.
1.
It is impossible to ensure that someone will never have a change of heart or cheat on you forever.
Relationships are dynamic and constantly evolving, and people can change over time.
Healthy relationship is based on trust, communication, and mutual respect. This includes being open and honest with each other, setting clear expectations and boundaries, addressing issues as they arise, and working together to maintain the relationship.
Ultimately, it is up to both partners to commit to the relationship and work to keep it strong.

2.
Depends on your definition of Emotional

3. It is to ensure the long-term sustainability of the population and the workforce.
Having a high birth rate can help to maintain a strong national identity and culture also. Which are cultivated from young. Just like how the Japanese clean the stadium because they learnt well since primary school to be responsible for cleanliness.
Furthermore, during wartime, you can't expect FT to wear an army uniform.
__________________
Bros in queue to return points :
CANTOMENT, Masterl23, ThisIsMelwood
---------
ejectjoy, Biostar, Swagelock, Havanna Slicks, CLouboutin, kcy69
  #5  
Old 09-03-2023, 10:25 PM
marzsomeone marzsomeone is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: May 2016
Posts: 255
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 27 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 1097 / Power: 8
marzsomeone has much to be proud ofmarzsomeone has much to be proud ofmarzsomeone has much to be proud ofmarzsomeone has much to be proud ofmarzsomeone has much to be proud ofmarzsomeone has much to be proud ofmarzsomeone has much to be proud ofmarzsomeone has much to be proud of
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

1. Times change, Humans change. How do you ensure significant another would not have a change of heart or cheat on you Forever?

It depends how much effort you wish to put on your significant half. When you treasure him/her like a person you cannot live without, it is rare for them to change heart. Also, as you progress through various milestones, it is hard not to change. So let your expectation evolve with the time, moments together will not be like last time, just build new memories together.


2. Are "emotional people" more likely to get exploited by others OR cheat on others? Leading one to be with them to be more vulnerable?


lol, if the other half did not give enough sense of security. then those who are more emotional will easily get swayed when someone more assuring pops up in life. So still gies back to the above.


3. Why is the govt so concern about having locals to produce their own offspring?
Ultimately, what they need is an adequate amount of people to fill the workforce isn't it?
Does it matter whether it is local or foreigner? They have been importing FTs all along right?
Why are they spending millions on baby bonus schemes, instead of addressing issues on taxation and living expenses which benefits the whole lot of people instead of the subset?


Ultimately, we do not have natural resources except humans. Since, we aiming to be an international business hub. They have to balance between having attractive perks for FT and not letting local feels less privilage, it is very challenging. Limited land and limited resources, what would you suggest to build a balanced country for both locals and FT?
  #6  
Old 10-03-2023, 07:14 AM
Nostringonenite Nostringonenite is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Mar 2013
Location: Singapore
Posts: 126
Mentioned: 2 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 71 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 651 / Power: 12
Nostringonenite is a splendid one to beholdNostringonenite is a splendid one to beholdNostringonenite is a splendid one to beholdNostringonenite is a splendid one to beholdNostringonenite is a splendid one to beholdNostringonenite is a splendid one to behold
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

Quote:
Originally Posted by sbwow View Post
Hardest questions which I don't see anyone addressing.
Anyone is Free to post any of your hardest questions in life.

1. Times change, Humans change. How do you ensure significant another would not have a change of heart or cheat on you Forever?

2. Are "emotional people" more likely to get exploited by others OR cheat on others? Leading one to be with them to be more vulnerable?

3. Why is the govt so concern about having locals to produce their own offspring?
Ultimately, what they need is an adequate amount of people to fill the workforce isn't it?
Does it matter whether it is local or foreigner? They have been importing FTs all along right?
Why are they spending millions on baby bonus schemes, instead of addressing issues on taxation and living expenses which benefits the whole lot of people instead of the subset?
Hopefully, keeping prices of living expenses low and winning majority of people's heart for their next big election.
Also interested to see ur own answer to ur own question.
  #7  
Old 10-03-2023, 12:43 PM
sbwow sbwow is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Jun 2019
Posts: 839
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 481 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 656 / Power: 5
sbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to behold
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

Very intellectual replies so far.

1.
What makes the first question extremely difficult is due to opposing views from both genders and the expectations that varies or increases over time, due to different beliefs, different economic factors, and as such. Putting in much effort does not always guarantee a reciprocation, someone could be feeding the princess mentality or worst still be abused much to feel like a simp.


2.
Answers to second question seems rather short which in particular looks like the avoidance of this question or simply hard to justify in order not to condemn a particular group of people. Humans are humans after all with feelings. HAHAHA.


3.
As birth rate continues to decline and be unable to fulfill the current workforce, importing FTs will be one of the solutions to fill the immediate gap.
In future, there will not be a balance population for both locals and FTs which is foreseeable.

Baby bonus is just a segment of it, what I am saying is the govt should focus on the masses rather than a subset. Reach out to more people with a huge impact based on their polices.

I believe it is about liking the country where people feel a sense of safety, therefore being loyal to it when happiness and everything else sets in. They are living here, therefore protecting what they like and not let it be destroyed. Even foreigners can love and be loyal to Singapore if they like what is around here. "Like" has a big part to play.
  #8  
Old 11-03-2023, 10:52 AM
Hurricane88's Avatar
Hurricane88 Hurricane88 is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Apr 2006
Location: International Forum
Posts: 23,385
Mentioned: 7 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1085 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 39999 / Power: 32
Hurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond repute
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

China wants more babies but getting there is not going to be easy

https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/ea...quite-sure-how

Now China also need to replace their own.

Is a global problem and not unique to Singapore only.
__________________
<a href=https://images.sbf.net.nz/img/248145.jpg target=_blank rel=nofollow>https://images.sbf.net.nz/img/248145.jpg</a>

Up me if want trade.....will not return if you dun hv min 60 pts

Please Do Not reply long post, always edit...may zap and remove post

  #9  
Old 11-03-2023, 12:04 PM
sbwow sbwow is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Jun 2019
Posts: 839
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 481 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 656 / Power: 5
sbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to behold
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

Quote:
Originally Posted by Hurricane88 View Post
China wants more babies but getting there is not going to be easy

https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/ea...quite-sure-how

Now China also need to replace their own.

Is a global problem and not unique to Singapore only.
For this case, it is simple.

Singapore has to keep up to trends to be relevant and competitive in the market. Offering better incentives and lowering living expenses will be key in attracting and retaining talents.

Failure to do so would result in local talents leaving Singapore for good. Foreign talents would not want to be here too.

Hence, going back to my old posting. Govt should focus on the masses rather than a subset. Reach out to more people with a huge impact based on their polices.
  #10  
Old 11-03-2023, 05:55 PM
J3lacklisted J3lacklisted is offline
Samster (M)
 
Join Date: Mar 2023
Posts: 20
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 13 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: -50 / Power: 0
J3lacklisted is stuck in moderation for some time to come
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

Nothing is forever in this life.
People come and go. If your significant other stayed until the day you die, then it shows that you are valuable to her. Or she couldn't find another one.

Regardless, loyalty nowadays is a rare trait. You just have to be valuable in this world and let people use you, or else no one chup you then you are useless.
  #11  
Old 11-03-2023, 08:10 PM
sbwow sbwow is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Jun 2019
Posts: 839
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 481 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 656 / Power: 5
sbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to behold
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

As resources(money and food) are getting scarred as the year progresses, Everyone is soon thrown into a dog-eat-dog world.
The useless who are unable to feed themselves and survive in this world shall perish.

Oh, I forgot to mention the next 1% GST increase is going to be next year.
What does it mean? Another 10%-50% price increase for all items which is expected.
Let the Hunger Games Begin. HAHAHAH.
  #12  
Old 11-03-2023, 08:41 PM
Wakeup123 Wakeup123 is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Feb 2019
Posts: 1,502
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 1 Thread(s)
Quoted: 582 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 525 / Power: 6
Wakeup123 is a glorious beacon of lightWakeup123 is a glorious beacon of lightWakeup123 is a glorious beacon of lightWakeup123 is a glorious beacon of lightWakeup123 is a glorious beacon of lightWakeup123 is a glorious beacon of light
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

Hardest qn, there's no forever but there's a forever payment.
Definition of cheating is "breaking a commitment or promise in the act by engaging in sexual or romantic relations with a person other than one's significant"
The key word is breaking n not the sexual or romantic relations. It's the trust, not the action. As the saying, a promise is meant to be broken. Y so upset about it where they may have sexual relationship with others before the partner. Having say that, the hardest qn is still about money. To encourage having more babies, but oversight about the men being punished when a marriage broke down. Looked like this issue cannot be solved.
  #13  
Old 12-03-2023, 07:17 AM
sbwow sbwow is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Jun 2019
Posts: 839
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 481 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 656 / Power: 5
sbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to beholdsbwow is a splendid one to behold
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

4. Since Everyone is on the Sex forum right now, did anyone even question why they need to pay 50/80/100 Tips? Isn't tips supposed to be based on person's discretion rather than setting it straight like an outright cost. Very prominently mentioned on Health Centre and KTV lounge Tangos

And who the fuck set these standards, and why should we follow them?

There are bros over there whose post got shot just because they don't want to pay 50 as tips.

And who are those fuckers to call what is right or wrong? Your Father?

Last edited by sbwow; 12-03-2023 at 07:35 AM.
  #14  
Old 12-03-2023, 09:52 AM
Hurricane88's Avatar
Hurricane88 Hurricane88 is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Apr 2006
Location: International Forum
Posts: 23,385
Mentioned: 7 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1085 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 39999 / Power: 32
Hurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond repute
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

Quote:
Originally Posted by sbwow View Post
For this case, it is simple.

Singapore has to keep up to trends to be relevant and competitive in the market. Offering better incentives and lowering living expenses will be key in attracting and retaining talents.

Failure to do so would result in local talents leaving Singapore for good. Foreign talents would not want to be here too.

Hence, going back to my old posting. Govt should focus on the masses rather than a subset. Reach out to more people with a huge impact based on their polices.
Your points are valid and dun you think gahmen doing so much now to overcome this talent issue...

Think again that PRs are worth S$10mil and employed at least 30 staff in a registered company which half is Singaporean to be entitled PR...

If not then must be top talent...teh Singapore gahmen had been giving out scholarship to top students and that means talent retention...

I knew may argue this is not the masses...but then even most get well paying jobs...

That's why so many FTwanted to come to work in our city...
__________________
<a href=https://images.sbf.net.nz/img/248145.jpg target=_blank rel=nofollow>https://images.sbf.net.nz/img/248145.jpg</a>

Up me if want trade.....will not return if you dun hv min 60 pts

Please Do Not reply long post, always edit...may zap and remove post

  #15  
Old 12-03-2023, 10:02 AM
Hurricane88's Avatar
Hurricane88 Hurricane88 is offline
Samster
 
Join Date: Apr 2006
Location: International Forum
Posts: 23,385
Mentioned: 7 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1085 Post(s)
My Reputation: Points: 39999 / Power: 32
Hurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond reputeHurricane88 has a reputation beyond repute
Re: Hardest Questions FFA

Quote:
Originally Posted by sbwow View Post
As resources(money and food) are getting scarred as the year progresses, Everyone is soon thrown into a dog-eat-dog world.
The useless who are unable to feed themselves and survive in this world shall perish.

Oh, I forgot to mention the next 1% GST increase is going to be next year.
What does it mean? Another 10%-50% price increase for all items which is expected.
Let the Hunger Games Begin. HAHAHAH.
Food prices base on inflation and supply or demand...

GST already 8% this year wiill be 9% n 2024...gahmen is trying to cushion the GST impact with the GST vouchers and U-save...so gahemn will only give more money to help...

GST is a double egde sword...many foreigners living in our city will also pay the tax and they dun get help...their medical expenses will be higher...

We all knew that after spending almost 10bil in reserves during covid-19, the gahmen will try to make back...

Wonder why HDB BTO remain high becos gahmen cannot allowed hdb prices to be lower which may result in property crash...but gahmen will help first timer with more rebates...

BTW, I am not pro-gahmen but I understand why gahmen doing so...if you travel to Australia, UK, NY, Osaka, Tokyo etc then you will undertstand our food prices still affordable...

Of course if you travel to our neighbor Asean cities then food prices wil be cheaper...so as SIngaporean we are free to travel anywhere with our powerful passport...
__________________
<a href=https://images.sbf.net.nz/img/248145.jpg target=_blank rel=nofollow>https://images.sbf.net.nz/img/248145.jpg</a>

Up me if want trade.....will not return if you dun hv min 60 pts

Please Do Not reply long post, always edit...may zap and remove post

Advert Space Available
Bypass censorship with https://1.1.1.1

Cloudflare 1.1.1.1
Reply



Bookmarks

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off


t Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
Hardest programming task Sammyboy RSS Feed Coffee Shop Talk of a non sexual Nature 0 20-04-2022 01:40 AM
5 Countries Where It's Hardest To Become A Citizen Sammyboy RSS Feed Coffee Shop Talk of a non sexual Nature 0 13-12-2014 02:20 AM
The Hardest part of being a Vegan Sammyboy RSS Feed Coffee Shop Talk of a non sexual Nature 0 06-09-2013 05:40 PM
The Hardest part of being a Vegan Sammyboy RSS Feed Coffee Shop Talk of a non sexual Nature 0 06-09-2013 05:20 PM
The Hardest Words? JWNY Adult Discussions about SEX 117 26-12-2010 04:26 PM


All times are GMT +8. The time now is 10:40 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.10
Copyright ©2000 - 2024, vBulletin Solutions, Inc.
User Alert System provided by Advanced User Tagging (Pro) - vBulletin Mods & Addons Copyright © 2024 DragonByte Technologies Ltd.
Copywrong © Samuel Leong 2006 ~ 2023 ph